ACT Exact Start Time and End Time

ACT Exact Start Time and End Time SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In addition to all your ACT studying, you need to prepare for test day. When exactly does the ACT start? What time will you hand in your scantron sheet, gather your arsenal of No. 2 pencils, and leave the test center? Is timing the same for all students, or does it vary by location? This guide will go over the exact start and end time of the ACT so you can plan your Saturday morning. Assuming you haven't arranged an alternative testing date or other accommodations, what time do you need to arrive? ACT Test Day: When Do You Need to Arrive? You must be in the test center by 8:00 am at the very latest. Test administrators are strict about denying entrance to latecomers. Since students are usually admitted at 7:45 am, you should really aim to arrive between 7:30 and 7:45 am. There's often a line of students waiting outside, so it's definitely a good idea to get there earlier than 7:45. You'll check in with your admission ticket and ID and find your room. Seats are assigned, but first you might have to store your bag and snacks somewhere outside of the testing room. Once everyone is checked in and seated, the proctor will pass out the test booklets and scantrons. She'll give you instructions about how to fill out your personal details and take the ACT. All of this takes about 30 minutes to an hour,depending on how many students there are and how long it takes everyone to get settled in. Although you'll arrive to the test center by 7:45, you'll actually start taking the ACT between 8:30 and 9:00.From the point you start in on your first English question, how long does the exam take? How Long Is the ACT? Added together, the four multiple-choice sections of the ACT (English,Math,Reading, andScience) take a total of two hours and 55 minutes. With the 40-minute optional Writing section, this time increases to threehours and 35 minutes. Here is an overview of the time you'll get on each ACT section (including breaks). I've also included exact start and end times (with the assumption that the test starts at 8:30 am). ACT Section Total Time Start Time End Time English 45 mins 8:30 am 9:15am Math 60 mins 9:15am 10:15am Break 10 mins 10:15am 10:25am Reading 35 mins 10:25am :00am Science 35 mins :00am :35am Break (some students leave) 5 mins :35am :40am Writing (optional) 40 mins :40am 12:20 pm TOTAL 3 hrs 5 mins (w/out Writing) 3 hrs 50 mins (w/ Writing) - - Besides the four sections, you'll get a 10-minute break. This break is always after Math and before Reading. If you're taking the ACT with Writing, you'll also get a five-minute break first. If not, this is when you'll hand in your test and leave the testing center. On rare occasions, some students might be asked to take an extra fifth section (lucky them). This section will come at the end of the test. Don't worry- it won't be scored. It's just used to test out material for future ACTs. The questions could be multiple choice or student-produced responses. In the past, this section has been just 16 minutes long. Typically, without this rare extra section, the ACT is threehours and five minutes or three hours and 50 minutes(with the Writing section and breaks). Apart from a slight variation in start time to get everyone checked in, though, are there any other differences in how long the test takes at different test centers? Are There Any Variations in the ACT Schedule? The ACT should be three hours and five minutes or three hours and 50 minutes across the board. Since it's a globally administered admissions test, test-taking conditions should be standard for all students. The only exception involves accommodations for extended time or Special Testing. Other slight variations in the ACT schedule might occur if a proctor isn't strict with break time, or if students take extra time to return to the test room. There could also be a delay if a proctor has to dismiss a student from the testing room, although she might wait until the test is over to deal with an issue so as not to interrupt everyone else. Generally speaking, everyone taking the ACT will get the same amount of time. Because of this, you can know what to expect for your Saturday morning schedule and when to arrange to be dropped off and picked up. When Will You Leave the ACT Testing Center? Students taking the ACT are generally dismissed around 12:15 pm, and those taking the ACT with Writing are dismissed around 1:15 pm. Beyond the test, it takes a few minutes for the proctors to collect everyone's tests and for the students to gather their belongings and leave. The proctor will dismiss everyone, and you'll be all done and free to go. The ACT is a time-intensive, pressure-packed test for most students. Besides arranging your pick-up and drop-off times and knowing what to expect, though, is there anything else you can do to prepare for ACT test day? How to Plan Your ACT Test Day Schedule The ACT is already stressful as it is- you don't want to add to your stress by running late or feeling clueless on test day. Instead, you should familiarize yourself with exactly what's coming and have a plan for those things that are in your control,such as your schedule. You don't want to be rushing and diving through doors just before they close. That would just distract you, create anxiety, and be no fun for anyone. Therefore, leave early and give yourself plenty of time to arrive at the test center by 7:30 am- 7:45 at the latest. Pack your bag the night before with everything you need, such as No. 2 pencils and an approved calculator. Go to bed early, and eat a nutritious breakfast that will fuel your test-taking for the next few hours. Bringing a snack and water for the break is a good idea, too. Don't underestimate the effects your physical state can have on your mental clarity! After all, who can focus on trigonometry problems when their stomach is rumbling for everyone to hear? Staying energized and hydrated, as well as taking advantage of your break time to move around out of your desk,will be refreshing and help you reset before diving into the challenging Reading section. Put simply, prepare yourself so the morning of your test goes as smoothly as possible. Bring everything you need and know your exact testing schedule. Then by 12:15 or 1:15 pm, you'll be all finished and ready to celebrate completing the ACT! What's Next? Do you feel pressed for time on the ACT? Are you worried about getting to all the questions? Learn our expert strategies for how to stop running out of time on ACT Reading andACT Math. Did you know that more recent ACT practice tests are better representations of what you'll get on test day, while the older ones are a little too easy? At least, that's what test experts say. Read here about whether or not the ACT has been getting harder in the past few years. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points?We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Global Distributive Justice is Utopian

Global Distributive Justice is Utopian Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The idea of global distributive justice is utopian, incompatible with our natural partiality towards compatriots and irreconcilable with state sovereignty†. Discuss We are now living in a global village. When the distance between countries is reduced the fast development of transportation, interdependence brought by the growing international political and economical collaborations, the notion of â€Å"global justice† is becoming major in the study of international relations and political philosophy. Yet, such globalization does not bring global prosperity and integrity. According to the Human Development Report 2006, the poorest 20% of the world’s people, roughly corresponding to the population living on less than $1 a day, account for 1.5% of world income (UNDP, 2006: 44). Many scholars are advocating for the idea of global distributive justice. A principle that goes beyond the nations, in pursuit of developing a peaceful world. Yet, in practice, there are still many concerns that have to considered. This essay examines the main arguments given by cosmopolitanism and utilitarianism. Then we address some crucial disputes. In the end this essay will test this idea from two principal dimensions of global justice: political and economical that implicate that amplifying the idea of global distributive justice is utopian in this global village in this century. Global Justice in the International Community Nowadays, the literature and researches about global justice are flourishing. The issue of economic inequality among countries is especially been widely discussed since the last century. In 1965, Brian Barry was aware of the importance of international distributive justice, he wrote ‘No doubt it is possible for substantive general principles to be put forward and widely accepted, e.g., that rich nations have some kind of obligation to help poor nations develop their economies’ (Barry, 1990: lxxxiv). The growth of economic and political interdependence after World War II also had lead international community to worry about international distributive justice (Beitz, 1979). Indeed, it is obvious that in the first place, both academic and nations are more likely to concern with the importance of eradicating global poverty. From a cosmopolitan and relatively simple utilitarian view, Singer argues that a principle of redistributive justice should be based on the claim that â⠂¬Ëœsuffering and death from lack of food, shelter and medical care are bad’ (Singer, 1972: 231). He then puts that ‘it is within our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it’ (ibid). In following this principle, it is morally sound that we should sacrifice the non-necessary expense to rescue a child from famine. Although Singer admits there is a possibility for people to have a better assessment to judge what needs to be done to help a person near to us than one far away, he still firmly believes that proximity and distance have no impact on what one ought to do (Singer, 1972: 232). That is to say, if we take Singer’s view to an universalized level, we owe no special duties to our fellow citizens over those belong to other countries of the world (Singer, 2004: 14). However, Singer’s moral principle is overly demanding and in conflict with our natural partiality toward our compatriots and individual preferences. Regarding to efficiency, it is by nature that people would feel more obligated to those in the same community or country. As Goodin (1988: 663) criticizes, people have special duties to those who have special relations with them, such as family or fellow countrymen. In contract to the universality of the general moral principle, some people do have certain special duties that other people do not. Such special duties not only implicate personally emotional preference in fellow citizens, but also indicate mutual extra burdens people have with their compatriots. As Goodin argues, on the mutual-benefit logic, ‘we have special duties toward those whose cooperation benefits us, and to them alone. That they share the same color passport – or, indeed, the same parentage – is related only contingently, at best, to that crucial consideration’ (Goodin, 1995: 279). Goodin also gives an example to address people’s limited psychological capabilities for living up to the universalized moral principle. Suppose there is a house on fire and there are two people trapped in the fire, one is a popular celebrity. The other one is your mother. When the time you have can only rescue one of them, which one would you save (Goodin, 1995: 267)? Although Goodin did not directly answer it in his essay, David Miller, in the other way, gives another similar example, to confirm that people are believed to have a much greater responsibility to their own child, or to others they are connected to (Miller, 2005: 66). To Miller, this point is still perfectly consistent with the view that ‘that it is equally bad, equa lly a matter of moral concern, when any child goes missing’ (ibid). Morally we should pursue a global village with no inequality, in the other words, we are morally obligated to show no bias to those people we have no special relationship. However, as Miller argues, in practice, such cosmopolitanism could only be a thesis of morality and value. It does suggest a global principle of equality yet it does not require a form of global egalitarianism (Miller, 2005: 66-67). Another straightforward cosmopolitan view given by Brian Barry, who puts that in the cosmopolitanism: every human being has equal (ultimate) value (Barry, 1999: 36). To put it to a global level, I would borrow Thomas Pogge’s view, ‘that every human being has a global stature as the ultimate unit of moral concern’ (Pogge, 1994: 124). This claim is clear in support of advocating universal human rights, and it demands, as Miller comments, a form of universal utilitarianism that tells people to ‘enter the happiness of every human being with an equal weighting into the utilitarian calculus and to design policies and institutions accordingly (Miller, 2005: 65). Nevertheless, it needs to be more specified about the scope of the morality. According to Scheffler, this moral cosmopolitanism against any view that limits the scope of justification to the members of any type of group, no matter what political values, communal histories, or ethnics identify it. This claim as well stands opposed to any view that allows the justification to terminate in considerations about any non-derivative interests of collective entities such as state or social groups (Scheffler, 2001: 977). Here, this moral cosmopolitanism’s view is incompatible to people’s actual relations with their compatriots. If one takes the morality of states to posit that state boundaries are limits to the cope of justification, then cosmopolitanism is plainly incompatible with it. As Miller puts, the principles of global justice are non-comparative whereas principles of social justice are comparative (Miller, 1995: 171). Perhaps, as Miller comments, in an effort to amplify global justice, a ‘weak cosmopolitan’ distributive obligation might be interpreted as beneficence. Therefore, under some cases where peoples basic human rights are not protected, and ‘it is not feasible for their own national state to protect them’, there could be obligations of international justice (Miller, 1995: 108). Global Economical and Political Justice It is problematic to fit the idea of global distributive justice into the reality of international community. Firstly, let’s go back to the issue mentioned in the previous part of this essay; the issue concerns the causal responsibility for global poverty. As Pogge argues, the current global order perpetuates and exacerbates the problem of global poverty (Pogge, 2008). Because of the fact that the government of advanced and rich countries imposes such global order, they and their people have this duty to reform the global order and perhaps to compensate for the consequence of their deeds. However, the problem of global poverty is deeply intertwined with the international interdependence in economic development, and the responsibility of global-level and domestic-level causes of poverty needs to be clarified. Regarding to international distributive justice, Rawls notes the aim to design a social system to all: ‘Well-ordered people have a duty to assist burdened societies. It does not follow, however, that the only way, or the best way, to carry out this duty of assistance is by following a principle of distributive justice to regulate economic and social inequalities among societies. Most such principles do not have a defined goal, aim, or cut-off point, beyond which aid may cease. The levels of wealth and welfare among societies may vary, and presumably do no; but adjusting those levels is not the object of the duty of assistance, only burdened societies need help’. (Rawls, 1999: 106) Here Rawls affirms two positions. First, he affirms that the well-off societies have duties to assist those less ‘well-ordered’ and under some conditions these duties may require international transfers of capitals. Second, for a country that fails in providing its people adequate help to sustain the basic living standards, it makes itself vulnerable to justified external interference. It echoes Peter Singer’s claim for principle of redistributive justice. Thus Rawls appeals for principles to regulate organized international collaborations, ‘and taken into account by the duty of assistance’ (Rawls, 2002: 43). However, Rawls is also skeptical about those internal funds could actually help a society to develop a capacity to honor its people’s basic rights. Rawls puts, ‘that merely dispensing funds will not suffice to rectify basic political and social injustices (though money is often essential)’ and ‘throwing funds at [a burdened society] is usually undesirable’ (Rawls, 2002: 108-110). It might be safe to say that, a theory of global justice must take the basic structure of international society into account. These elements of international society include economic, political, and legal institutions, and practices. Beitz also acknowledges the significant role of political justice in the discussion in the study of political philosophy and history. Yet he comments, ‘the problem is that here is no analogous structure at the global level’ (Beitz, 2005: 24). It is difficult to find an executive power with adequate legitimacy to affect the policy-dec ision-making of all nations to avoid the global poverty been exacerbated. One may criticizes that, this argument disregards the contributions of those international organizations and networks, such as UN or Red Cross. Also some transnational networks of state officials are developing a global governance functions (Slaughter, 2004). For instance, the United Nations use Human Development Index (HDI) to examine each country by getting a broader understanding of their people’s well-being. HDI provides a broader outlook of human progress and the complicated relationship between income and well-being. According to the HDI report 2006, in its eight reason for the world to act on water and sanitation, it points out that ‘there is no effective global partnership for water and sanitation, and successive high-level conferences have failed to create the momentum needed to push water and sanitation in the international agenda’ (UNDP, 2006: 37). These words are adequate enough to penetrate the problem of accountability in most international administ rative and regulatory organizations. When any decision made by the transnational institutions arrives at a domestic level policy-making level, there is no mechanism to make the domestic policy-makers accountable to them. To carry out those policies, there are still many technical problems in a domestic level need to be overcome – economical and political structures, culture, and recourse. Therefore, the idea of global distributive justice may get moral support from such transnational networks and institutions, yet it is not easy for them to be put into action in a domestic level. Though human rights nowadays seems like a universal value, however, when global justice is in conflict of a state’s interest, such universal value still cannot reconcile its ideal with reality. In 2003, most East Asian countries were threatened by the SARS outbreak, in the end about a total of 774 people in the world died of SARS (CDC, 2005). In fact, China’s refusal to cooperate with the World Health Organization in the early months of the SARS outbreak exacerbated the epidemic, furthermore, China’s rejection in cooperating between the WHO and Taiwan even complicated the global efforts to control the outbreak (Edwards Tkacil, 2004). When Taiwan was in an urgent need of global support in distributive enough medical equipment, the WHO refused. According to an open letter by Eugene Chien, Foreign Affair Minister of Taiwan, published in the International Herald Tribune: ‘The WHO refused to provide any assistance, such as providing Taiwans scientists with the sample viruses needed in their research toward treatment and vaccines, or sending any experts to advise us on containment efforts. Repeated letters from our Ministry of Health and medical experts to Gro Harlem Brundtland, director-general of the WHO, went unanswered’. (Chien, 2003) This example well manifests that doing something to amplify global justice could possibly stands opposite to a state’s interest. Thus, when there is no clear structure of the responsibility of international community, it seems utopian to reconcile the idea of global distributive justice and state’s sovereignty. Such question as well has been constantly asked in the study of international relations. As Rosemary Foot puts in her introduction of Order and Justice in International Relations (2003), when social scientists examine both the formal procedural and the distributive notions of justice, we could not help but wonder: ‘How can we define the legitimate scope of societal difference in the presence of universalizing process? And who is the we who is doing the recognizing, the promoting, and the defining’ (Foot, 2003: 3)? The questions of reconcile the ideal of global distributive justice and state sovereignty is equivalent to the one between order and justi ce. Hurrells points out that countries like India, Russia, China, and the Islamic world, claim for justice and for just treatment are still mainly made in terms of respect of non-intervention and state sovereignty (Hurrell, 2003: 33). Perhaps now it is proper to borrow Beitz’s comment to conclude: ‘The scope of justification is global but the standards of justification respond to variations in the characteristics of the institutions to be justified (Beitz, 2005: 22). Although the notion of social justice is well applied in the basic structure within self-governing political communities, yet it is not valid enough to expand its application to a global level. Conclusion The idea of global distributive justice remains a difficult topic for the study of political philosophy and international relations. Cosmopolitans ask for a general moral principle whilst others see it oppose our natural partiality for our fellow countrymen. Utilitarian wants to amplify basic human rights in the entire global village, yet others address the undeniable significance of the order within a state and sovereignty. Problems like those this essay have discussed above are inherently problematic. The difficulty lies in the vagueness left by the imperfectly established theory of global justice. What is the universality of general moral principle? Should there be a supreme authority to identify the needy people and command members of international community to take action for the sake of global justice? Those are essential questions we need to answer first. Thus the notion of global justice is not simply the expansion of social justice. Thus the idea of global distributive justi ce seems incompatible to our nature partiality for our compatriots, and irreconcilable to state’s sovereignty. However, the inherent difficulty within the nature of the theory of global justice should be regarded as an opportunity. Given the facts of global poverty and so much unjustness covered by the name of state’s sovereignty, it is worthy for social scientists to refine and propose a more concrete theory of global justice. In order to positively pursue a much just world for our future generations, thus we can expect with hope that a better work still remains to be written. Research Papers on Global Distributive Justice is UtopianCombating Human TraffickingDefinition of Export QuotasProbation OfficersDeontological Teleological TheoriesGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsThe Equal Rights AmendmentInflation TargetingA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantAmerican Central Banking and OilGenetic Engineering

Integrated Spatial Fire and Forest Management Planning Article

Integrated Spatial Fire and Forest Management Planning - Article Example The article puts forward the notion that fire science should reapply many of these metrics so that human activities, the impact of access roads, and other factors are counted alongside the information that has traditionally been accounted for with regards to fire loss estimates as a means of more realistically relating key information to the concerned parties. An alternative view of this particular debate is with regards to the fact that many individuals within the fire service community and forcefully management communities are of the opinion that human impacts upon natural environments cannot be categorically stated or counted in a verifiable manner due to the fact that many of these impacts are created long before forcefully management and/or subsequent forest fires actually take place within the region. Although it is true that certain human impacts to forest management and forest fires as a whole can take place long after the region has been designated as a forestry management a rea or even experienced a forest fire. This disconnect between time periods and the means by which human impacts affect different regions to a different degree casts a level of doubt with regards to the metrics and means by which the authors of this particular article measure it against is somewhat worrisome due to the fact that the metrics by which the authors propose would necessarily have the individual believed that any and all forest fires are impacted upon by the very same mechanism.

What are the main factors contributing to low expectancy in the Essay

What are the main factors contributing to low expectancy in the developing world Investigate possible solutions to these problems - Essay Example Money can buy comfort but these people are well below the poverty line because of which they are unable to buy clothes and ultimately face the wrath of extreme climatic conditions. The government has to take initiatives to ensure that their lives are saved, it is the responsibility of the government to safeguard their lives but the truth is that very little has been done for them in the past and nothing much is expected to change in the future. Drought and famine are also two other reasons because of which several people die each year in developing nations. â€Å"Governments of developing countries have invested in improving public health measures (safe drinking water, sanitation, mass immunizations), training medical personnel, building clinics and hospitals, and providing medical care. But much remains to be done. Malnutrition, especially among women and children, is still a big problem. And communicable, largely preventable diseases still claim millions of lives. For example, the average rate of measles immunization worldwide is just 80 percent, and every year more than 1 million children die of the disease. Many of those children are in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the rate of measles immunization is the lowest- about 60 percent.† (Beyond Economic Growth) Cleanliness is another factor which plays a major part in deaths across the globe, diseases like malaria spread easily in developing countries because of lack of cleanliness and the same takes away several lives, these things can easily be avoided but nothing much has been done about it. It is high time for the government to step in and do its duty otherwise more lives would inevitably be taken away. Healthcare can play a pivotal role in saving the lives of several people, it is their right to have access to good facilities which they have been deprived of thus far, they should have access to

ART METAL SCULPTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ART METAL SCULPTURE - Essay Example The location of this sculpture is outside East Entrance Parking Lot N, a campus setting. Harold’s metal sculpture resembles two joined elliptical forms whose common joint acts as resting base in an ample clearance or setting. On its two sides, these elliptical forms bear a common inclination angle such that from a distance when viewing from its wide side resembles an eagle flying with its outstretched wings but swung in certain equal inclinations at both sides. Joinery of this work encompassed welded steel and Corten before flattened in such a way at the middle. The entire artwork its sculptor has painted it dark brown color, which makes it come out clearly from its settings bearing natural vegetative colors. Specifically, these are green, bright, and blue sky from the background. Hence, inducing a calmness, refreshing and relaxing moods evident in the way these colors as well as settings of the entire sculpture compliment each other. The location of this work is outside East Entrance Parking Lot N, which is a campus setting. Its entire structure rests on a flattened joinery where the two elliptical forms give an impression of meet at the central point; hence, the sculptor here utilizes the aspect of balance to ensure it is upright. Viewing from its four sides, the viewer only manages to see two identical sides. These include the two sides, front side and the rear one. Sculptor in making his work utilized welded and Corten steels with the intention of bringing out machinery effect. This is because many elliptical objects or forms are quite evident in engineering field whereby smooth and well-curved surfaces gives an implication of keenness by the artists and those represented by the object. Its smoothness and side view elevation gives an implication of heightened skill in making fabricated materials. Consequently, this symbolizes a resourceful center characterized with impeccable ways of attaining their

Jerusalem And The Temple Mount Religion Essay

Jerusalem And The Temple Mount Religion Essay The history of the city of Jerusalem is filled with violence and conflict. According to the Jewish Torah and the Old Testament of the Christian bible, Jerusalem was the capital of the Kingdom of Judah, which was predicted to at one time have been united with the Kingdom of Israel. Around 600 BCE the nation of Babylon conquered Judah and destroyed Jerusalem; including the sacred Temple of the Lord that King Solomon had built there, and took its people captive. It wasnt until decades after the Babylonians had plundered the city that the Jewish people were allowed to return to their home land and rebuild their once glorious city (Gascoigne, 2001). About 80 years later Jerusalem once again became the capital of Judah and the temple was reconstructed. Jerusalem was captured by the Greeks under Alexander the Great in 312 BCE and nearly a century later the Babylonians once again took over the city, this time under the rule of commander-in-chief, Seleucus. By 19 BCE the Roman empire had gained control of the area and set Harod the Great as client King over Jerusalem, under their control. Harod rebuilt the Temple of the Lord after it had lay in ruins for centuries and renamed it the Second Temple. After the death of Harod in 4 CE the Romans implemented direct rule over the city. In 66 CE, after decades of living under the authoritarian rule of the Roman Empire, the Jews rebelled. Their plight for freedom didnt last long and four years later Rome came in and pillaged the entire city and the Temple was once again destroyed. (CITATION) It was in the first century CE that the Christian bible records the death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, the Messiah according to the Christian faith. During the second century CE Roman Emperor Hadrian rebuilt the city as a pagan city. Before Hadrians reign, the Jews had been allowed to freely practice their religion; but Hadrians rules restricting worship lead to another rebellion in the city. Hadrian responded with a massacre that led to the death of nearly half a million Jews. The Jews were then forbidden to enter the city save for one day of the year, Tish BAv, a day which Jews set aside to mourn and fast in honor of both of the Temples that had been destroyed. Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Christian city in 335 CE by the Emperor Constantine, but the Jewish people were still not allowed entry. More than 300 years later the famous Muslim shrine, the Dome of the Rock, was built in Jerusalem on the Temple Mount, the predicted location of the first and second Temples. Thr ee centuries after the Dome was built the Al-qsa Mosque, a place of worship specifically for Muslim women, was constructed on the Temple Mount near the Dome. (CITATION) Jerusalem became the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the late 11th century, around the time of the Crusades-a set of several military campaigns that lasted more than a century that were first initiated by Christian Europeans as magnificent and general act(s) of repentant faith that would culminate in the moral reform and total renewal of Christendom (Merton, 2008). Jerusalem, an important religious and historic site to Christians, Muslims, and Jews, had been captured by the Muslims and was under their rule. For the English, who were dominantly Christian, this was an abomination. It was in nearby Bethlehem that they believed the Christian Messiah, Jesus, was born, and it was in Jerusalem that he was crucified by the Jews, resurrected three days later, and then ascended into heaven before the eyes of his disciples and other followers. In the year 1095 Pope Urban II presented his idea of a Church reform (Knox) to France; he proposed that they take up arms against the Muslim Turkish Ottomans who controlled Jerusalem and save the city from Muslim control. The First Crusade began in 1097 and two years later the European army finally reached Jerusalem where, after the battle, there was a recorded 70,000 Muslim casualties. (CITATION) There were several other crusades that took place after that and the conquests lasted until the year 1291 (Knox). During this time, Jerusalem was controlled several different nations. The Sultan of Damascus razed the city and destroyed the city walls in 1219 and two decades later, after Frederick II of Germany rebuilt them, the emir of Kerak demolished them once again. The Christians conquered the city in 1243 and for the next 20 years, rule passed between the hands of the Khmarezmian Tatars, the Egyptians, and the Ottomans. Unlike under the ruling of the Tatars and the Egyptians, however, the Ottomans introduced peace back into the city. Jews, Christians and Muslims were granted freedom and were allowed to worship as they desired, in peace, alongside one another. Religious freedom was once again allowed in the city and soon after, the Kingdom of Jerusalem fell. After the Crusades, Christians started migrating to the city in order to rebuild it and salvage its history. They built chu rches throughout the city and converted the Muslim shrines and mosques, including the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. During the 1800s the Ottoman Empire began to decline. Jerusalems population, made up of Jews, Christians, Muslims, and Armenians, did not exceed 8,000 people. The current Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the middle east can trace its beginning back to this time when Jewish immigrants started to arrive from Eastern Europe and other areas of the middle east and European nations sought control of the city. Christian churches were facing a time of religious reform and sent missionaries to the Jerusalem. In addition to the sudden flood of Jews, Europeans, and Christians, archaeologists were also interested in the city for its fascinating history of destruction and war and began flocking to Jerusalem on expeditions. The Muslim Turkish Ottomans had controlled the majority of the Middle East for centuries but in the early 1900s they declared a military jihad with France, Russians, and Great Britain (Woodward, 2009). In 1917 the British defeated the Ottomans and took control of Jerusalem. The Old City of Jerusalem became an ancient community filled with poverty and the New City, located outside the old walls, became the life of Jerusalem. Violence in the city became the norm as the Arabs began to face anxiety over the new British rule and flood of Jewish immigrants. By 1947 the United Nations suggested that the city should go under international administration and a year later the British left Jerusalem (CITATION). In 1948 the Arab-Israeli war began and residents of several Arab villages were misplaced and massacres occurred throughout the city. The city was divided when the New City joined the state of Israel and the Old City was annexed. By 1950, only a century after Jerusalems population was str uggling to meet 8,000 people, the city became the capital of Israel and was the most populous city in the country. (CITATION). (TRANSITION) Today conflict continues to plague the city; just as violence ruled the city in King Davids time, during the crusades, and throughout the 20th century, confrontation continues today amongst the three religions, especially between Muslims and Jews. The famous religious and historical site the Temple Mount is the center for much of this conflict. As stated, the site is sacred to both Islam and Judaism and both religions want reign over the area. Although Israel currently controls the city, the Temple Mount is not completely in the possession of the government; as a highly respected and desired site for so many different people, the Mount cannot stay completely in the control of any one religious group, nor can it really be shared amongst them. The Temple Mount is usually open to visitors but recent restrictions were set on who was allowed to enter the site; these restrictions included not allowing entry to the site to men under 50 years old (Sharp, 2010). However, after a Palestinian r iot in the city, which resulted in the injuries of more than 100 people, including 14 Israeli troops, the restrictions were lifted (Israel relaxes). Another riot broke out recently when Arab youths targeted Jews praying at the Western Wall. According to an article in the Jewish Telegraph Agency (JTA), the violence occurred after an Islamic imam encouraged Muslims to secure and protect sacred Islamic ground including the Temple Mount (Temple Mount reopened, 2010). Muslims have considered the site of the Temple Mount to be sacred since the prophet Muhammad wrote about his Night Journey to Jerusalem which was said to have taken place in 619 CE. It is believed by Islamic tradition that God dictated The Quran, the holy book of Islam, to Muhammad. There is controversy regarding the interpretation of the Quran, but according to most all translations, the location of the Temple Mount is the exact place where Muhammad was brought by the angel Gabriel from the Muslim temple in Mecca on his famous Night Journey. The story continues on to say that the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus met him in Jerusalem and they prayed together. Muhammad was offered a drink of wine, milk, and in some translations, water, and he chose the milk. Gabriel then commended him for choosing the correct drink, which represented his choice to follow Islam, the correct religion. Muhammad ascended into heaven and met God face-to-face. Even with the controversy over the story of the Night Journey, the Temple Mount holds rich religious significance to the Islamic faith. The Dome of the Rock, which stands at the center of the Temple Mount, is an important place of worship to Muslims. The Dome was built around 690 AD by Abd al-Malik.(WHO IS HE?) .Tradition says that the Dome was built to commemorate Muhammads ascension into heaven after his night journey to Jerusalem (Quran 17). (Hayes, 2010). The Oxford Archaeological Guide to the Holy Land states that Maliks intentions were actually different; he wanted to show Christians and Jews that Islam was the superior faith (Hayes, 2010). The Dome is a beautiful site to come upon. The famous golden dome had originally been made purely out of gold but was later replaced by copper, then aluminum, and is now covered with gold leaf. Its exterior is decorated with beautiful Turkish tiles and gleaming white marble. The Dome is outlined with intricate inscriptions of verses from the Quran. The interior of the Dome is adorned with picturesque floral designs and other inscriptions apart from those quoting the Quran. The Dome of the Rock was designed as carefully as the Temple, as it is an important holy place for Muslims. AL AQSA MOSQUE The Mount also holds significant value to both the Jewish and Christian faiths. It is believed by both Jews and Christians that it was at Mount Moriah, where the Temple Mount is currently located, that God appeared to the prophet Abraham, an important religious figure to both religions. The significance of the site continues for both religions. In the Old Testament of the Christian Bible and in the Jewish Torah it is written that God gave Abraham a vision of a temple that was to later be built in honor of Him. This same vision was later given to King David who, according to biblical texts, was told by God that he was not fit to build a monument of peace so he passed the plans along to his son Solomon in order for him to build it. The temple was destroyed by the Babylonians rebuilt by Harod, and was destroyed once again by the Romans. The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall, and the Temple Mount were the only two structures of the Temple to survive the Roman conquest and toda y both continue to be important religious symbols to the Jewish faith. The Temple Mount is located above the Kidron Valley and the Tyropoeon Valley, which are to the east and west of the Mount, respectively. At its peak the Mount is 2,428 feet above sea level. When Harod the Great rebuilt the Temple in 20 BCE he increased the plateau of the Mount by surrounding it with four enormous walls and filling in the spaces left behind. After the expansion the total area of the Mount increased to about 35.5 acres. It is the southern wall where the Western Wall, an important landmark to the Jewish faith, is located (CITATION). The locations of the First and Second Temples are predicted to be on top of one another (Dolphin, 1995). According to the Christian bible, the inner most room of the Temple of Solomon, the First Temple, was the Holy of Holies, a place where only the high priest was allowed to enter (1 Kings 6:16).The Holy of Holies contained the Ark of the Covenant, an important religious symbol to both Jews and Christians. 1 Kings 6:21,29-30 (1994) of the C hristian bible says that Solomon covered the inside of the temple with pure gold, and he extended gold chains across the front of the inner sanctuary, which was overlaid with goldOn the walls all around the temple, in both the inner and outer rooms, he carved cherubim, palm trees and open flowers. He also covered the floors of both the inner and outer rooms of the temple with gold. The next room was The Holy Place, and then beyond that were several courtyards; first a Court for the priests, then the Jews and women, then the gentiles. The order of the courtyards was key as they were built in the order of holiness of the people who were allowed to enter each one; the Jews believed that the priests were at a level higher than them and that the gentiles were a step lower. Solomon took great care in building the Temple and it is obvious to see that same respect relayed toward the site then is also given today by the Jewish people, even though the Temple is no longer standing. The exact position where the first and second temples of the Lord were built are unknown, but three main sites have been suggested by scholars, researchers, and archaeologists. The traditional site of the Temple is said to lie beneath or very near to the Moslem shrine known as the Dome of the Rock (Dolphin, 1995). Dr. Dan Bahat, a respected archaeologist in Jerusalem, defends this statement. The two other sites where the original temple also may have laid are known as the Northern Conjecture and the Southern Conjecture. The Northern Conjecture is located 330 feet north of the Dome of the Rock, a Muslim shrine located on the Temple Mount. According to the Arabs, the predicted temple site is under an area known as The Dome of the Tablets or The Dome of the Spirits (Dolphin, 1995). The Southern Conjecture is the newest addition to the predicted traditional temple sites and is located to the south of the Dome of the Rock. Today, some rabbis forbid Jews from even setting foot on the areab ecause as the site of the ancient Jewish temple it is considered holy ground (Sharp, 2010). TRANSITION ADD THIS TO DESCRIPTION OF JERUSALEM: The geographical area known as Palestine sits next to the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River and is intertwined with Israel. The majority of Palestinians are Muslim by religion. The Palestinians have slowly been losing land to Israel and currently do not have a nation to call their own, although they have been advocating for statehood, with backing by the United States. Palestinian beliefs that they are being pushed out of the Old City are at the center of the fears of the will-be state. Palestine wants Jerusalem to be its capital when it is finally given independence as its own country, but because of its history, Israel is not so willing to give it up. Violence between Israelis and Palestinians regarding the site is almost a daily occurrence in Jerusalem and it does not appear to be ending any time soon. It seems as though any time Jews visit the Temple Mount, riots break out (Sharp, 2010). There is still frustration over regulations regard ing the Mount, as there have been laws issued abolishing non-Muslim prayer on the Mount. In court the state has argues that allowing Jewish prayer on the Mount would spark Muslim violence (Gershom, 2000). While this is highly likely, swindling the rights of the Jewish people does not appear to be the correct answer to the problem.

Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay examples -- Math

Eye And Color The eye form a â€Å"optical image† on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic radiation below. The various structures of the eye refract the light entering the eye to focus is on the photosensitive retina. This structure are like the lenses we studied in class. Path The light takes * Cornea - The transparent tissue (part of the sclera) towards the front of the eye. Nearly a spherical and accounts for 43 of 59 of the dioptric power of the eye. Light must pass through the cornea to enter the interior of the eye. Imperfection in the spherical shape of the eye, astigmatism, result in vision problems. * Pupil- opening to the interior of the eye is controlled by the iris. Iris is the thing pigmented smooth muscle part of the choroid. Pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting. The diameter of the pupil can range from 2mm to 8mm. * Aqueous Humor- The liquid between the cornea and lens that has a refractive index (1.336) very close to water. * Lens-flexible tissue suspended from colliery muscles which can be used for accommodation. ... ... for all the visual phenomenon, remember the trick with the four colorful squares towards the beginning of the section. That phenomenon and many other like can not be explained with tricromatic theory alone, so a combination of tricromatic theory and opposition theory are used to explain vision. But the trichromatic system works at the retinal level where as the opposition is at the cerebral level. References Used * Human Physiology by Laurlee Sherwood * Color Vision and Colorimetry by Daniel Malacara * The Perception of Light and Colour by C.A Padgham and J.E Saunders * http://www.adobe.com/support/techguides/color/colormodels/main.html * Perception: Mechanims and Models by Richar Held and Whitman Richards * http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/visioncon.html#c1 Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay examples -- Math Eye And Color The eye form a â€Å"optical image† on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic radiation below. The various structures of the eye refract the light entering the eye to focus is on the photosensitive retina. This structure are like the lenses we studied in class. Path The light takes * Cornea - The transparent tissue (part of the sclera) towards the front of the eye. Nearly a spherical and accounts for 43 of 59 of the dioptric power of the eye. Light must pass through the cornea to enter the interior of the eye. Imperfection in the spherical shape of the eye, astigmatism, result in vision problems. * Pupil- opening to the interior of the eye is controlled by the iris. Iris is the thing pigmented smooth muscle part of the choroid. Pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting. The diameter of the pupil can range from 2mm to 8mm. * Aqueous Humor- The liquid between the cornea and lens that has a refractive index (1.336) very close to water. * Lens-flexible tissue suspended from colliery muscles which can be used for accommodation. ... ... for all the visual phenomenon, remember the trick with the four colorful squares towards the beginning of the section. That phenomenon and many other like can not be explained with tricromatic theory alone, so a combination of tricromatic theory and opposition theory are used to explain vision. But the trichromatic system works at the retinal level where as the opposition is at the cerebral level. References Used * Human Physiology by Laurlee Sherwood * Color Vision and Colorimetry by Daniel Malacara * The Perception of Light and Colour by C.A Padgham and J.E Saunders * http://www.adobe.com/support/techguides/color/colormodels/main.html * Perception: Mechanims and Models by Richar Held and Whitman Richards * http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/visioncon.html#c1

Supervised Industrial Training

On the job training or OJT is one method by which students is given a chance to apply the theories and computations that they have learned from the school. It also helps the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Colleges and universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For the students, an OJT or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect, the workplace becomes a development venue for a student trainee to learn more about his chosen field and practice what he has learn from academy. On the other hand, an effective OJT program also benefits the companies who accept trainees. First OJT or intern provides additional manpower for a lesser labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are all eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as a method in recruiting new employees. Since the trainer or the supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make a good recruit after the completion of his internship. OJT’s can bring fresh ideas into the organization. Given the opportunity tospeak their minds freely and without fear, they maybe able to contributesignificantly in brainstorming sessions or research and eventually help improvethe organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in factalso teaching their employees to process of guiding the trainees stretches theirpatience, develops teaching skills and makes them more sensitive to the needsand mind set of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teachesthem how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, theinternship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of the company.

Free Essays on Brave New Family

Summary and Reader Response: Kimberly Mistysyn, â€Å"Brave New Family,† A story from Writing in the Disciplines (New Jersey: Kennedy, Kennedy, and Smith, 2004). All American Families Couples are becoming families every day. When I say couples, the automatic picture you get in your head is most likely that of a male and a female. The male proposes to his girlfriend and if she says yes, a new family is started. However; if women A and women B fall in love and their relationship is going well, women A might decide to propose to women B. With the consideration that woman B says yes, another new family is started. The two women will want to start a family just the same as a male/ female family would. Families are changing throughout time and society needs to make changes to accommodate these new families. Families, weather the traditional male and female families, or those of the new age families consisting of two males or two females, are working hard for equal rights and opportunities for children. Kimberly Mistysyn’s â€Å"Brave New Family† gives a brief understanding of living in a family with a unique set of parents. She helps us to understand how times have changed from the typical family which includes a father, mother, and usually two children to current times where traditional families still exist, but so do new age families. New age families may include two mothers, two fathers, a set of mothers with a sperm donor father, or a set of fathers with a surrogate mother. This family could include any number of children. Last year, my English teacher wanted to start a family. She never told my class of her sexual preference until it became difficult for her to start that family. She and her girlfriend were having a hard time finding a father to donate sperm. To give some past information, she and her girlfriend went to California to get married. They have been married for two years and wanted to start a family... Free Essays on Brave New Family Free Essays on Brave New Family Summary and Reader Response: Kimberly Mistysyn, â€Å"Brave New Family,† A story from Writing in the Disciplines (New Jersey: Kennedy, Kennedy, and Smith, 2004). All American Families Couples are becoming families every day. When I say couples, the automatic picture you get in your head is most likely that of a male and a female. The male proposes to his girlfriend and if she says yes, a new family is started. However; if women A and women B fall in love and their relationship is going well, women A might decide to propose to women B. With the consideration that woman B says yes, another new family is started. The two women will want to start a family just the same as a male/ female family would. Families are changing throughout time and society needs to make changes to accommodate these new families. Families, weather the traditional male and female families, or those of the new age families consisting of two males or two females, are working hard for equal rights and opportunities for children. Kimberly Mistysyn’s â€Å"Brave New Family† gives a brief understanding of living in a family with a unique set of parents. She helps us to understand how times have changed from the typical family which includes a father, mother, and usually two children to current times where traditional families still exist, but so do new age families. New age families may include two mothers, two fathers, a set of mothers with a sperm donor father, or a set of fathers with a surrogate mother. This family could include any number of children. Last year, my English teacher wanted to start a family. She never told my class of her sexual preference until it became difficult for her to start that family. She and her girlfriend were having a hard time finding a father to donate sperm. To give some past information, she and her girlfriend went to California to get married. They have been married for two years and wanted to start a family...

3 Ways to Survive Your Bully Boss

3 Ways to Survive Your Bully Boss We’ve all had that boss. The narcissist. The Egotist. The Liar. The Manipulator. Bad bosses can span a wide variety of unhelpful traits. They can be self-serving, inaccessible, inconsistent, quick to blame, uninspiring, uninspired, unable to connect with people, negative, demeaning, overly demanding, bullying, and/or brutish. But they don’t have to get you down.Dealing with a bad boss can be discouraging- even detrimental to your career. But there are a few concrete things that you can do to make your situation better. Don’t let the negativity coming from your crazy boss get to you. Instead, follow this advice  to make your work environment a better, more peaceful and productive place:1. Don’t assume you’re to blame.Bullies are bullies. Your boss isn’t picking on you because of anything you are doing wrong. Your boss is the one doing wrong. Once you realize his or her bad behavior is a character trait, not a response to a flaw of yours, the n you can get to work solving the problem from another angle.2. Save it for the record.What happened when? If your boss is inappropriate or hostile via text or voice mail or in an email, save it! Documentation is your biggest ally. Keep a detailed journal or record of every incident, with the time and location and details about exactly what was said or done. Also make note of any witnesses. This evidence will be crucial should you ever need to take things up the ladder.3. Report your bully boss to HR.Call for backup. HR departments exist to help you if you’re being abused at work. You’re not just protecting yourself, you’re also saving future employees or coworkers the pain of having to go through the same ordeal. Present your evidence up the chain of command and keep your cool. You’ve done everything right and justice will be on your side.It will take time, but things will get better- and you’ll have done your part to make your workplace safer for everyone. Be confident and secure in yourself and stay strong in your fight for fairness.How to Survive a Bully Boss

Expression in architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Expression in architecture - Term Paper Example Drafting also gets referred to as technical drawing. It involves the process through which a mechanical engineer creates and designs instructions for manufacturing components (David & Madsen, 2011). Drafting can get carried out through a hand drawing scheme or a computer assisted model that will show the required steps to manufacture a component and also the required materials as well as the assembly notes. Through the use of computer added design tools, drafters get to make plans for almost everything from tiny electronic equipment to building constructions. Drafting gets used in almost all branches of engineering, as well as architecture (David & Madsen, 2011). To create construction drawings, architects employ the use of computer aided design and drafting tools. Drafters specialize in the creation of technical drawings and plans that get used by architects to build structures and other objects. As a mechanical engineer who specializes in drafting and design, one can get employed in various industries such as architectural and engineering firms, transportation equipment manufacturing and machinery manufacturing (David & Madsen, 2011). These industries provide a diverse work environment for individuals. This gets to be so since working as an engineer requires one to interact with other professionals such as engineers, surveyors, and or architects. Such a work environment requires for the drafter to have a good interpersonal skill as part and parcel of his or her personal attribute. My aim is to work as an aeronautical engineer where I will specialize in design and drafting. Work as an aeronautical drafter revolves around preparation of engineering drawings, which get to detail plans and specifications for the manufacture of aircrafts and their parts. Getting employed in an aeronautical firm as a drafter, an individual gets to work in an office setting for most periods of time. Such offices need to be comfortable and furnished

Modern Dance Figure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Modern Dance Figure - Essay Example Among those who started such changes was Isadora Duncan who looked towards Greek culture as an inspiration to different movement forms and later danced with bare feet and simple garbs (van Rensburg) to make her feel more freely and control her movements that express the resistance and yielding of one’s self to gravity. Chopin and Liszt were dictated her choreography. Ruth St. Denis, a contemporary of Duncan on the other hand, sought ethnic and Asian dance style and later shared her talent and discoveries in Denishawn, a dance company she established with her husband. She taught and choreographed dance movements which were immortalized by the joint efforts of Katherine Dunham and Pearl Primus who continued to work on her style. Another contemporary in the person of Mary Wigman, looked to African and Orient culture where she widely made us of masks (van Rensburg). Towards the middle of the twentieth century, the second wave of modern dancers flourished in New York and were repre sented by Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman who danced with Denishawn and another dancer from the Wigman company. However, unlike their teachers who looked for external inspirations, they turned to basic human movements like walking, running, breathing, sitting among others and transformed them to aesthetic movements expressed in dances. Graham concentrated in the breathing process and improved her movements from there, using them as she indulged in the narrative structure. Humphrey on the other hand used the natural dynamic of human footfall expressing fall and recovery (van Rensburg). Twyla Tharp who came later, combined the styles of the aforementioned early dancers and choreographers with that of the ballet and social dances which is now largely reflected in the ‘modern’ modern dance. P. Diddy, one of the modern dancers nowadays, expresses the combination of the aforementioned dance styles in his dance movements. He is a living legacy of those who ca me before him who valued dance movements to express their thoughts and emotions. Diddy’s dance is under the genre of hip-hop and break dance, which reflects his expressions in his songs. Sometimes, Diddy just seems to be walking, a reflection of the second wave of modern dance perception who incorporated natural human phenomena in their dance steps. Most of Diddy’s steps are simple and basic so that he is criticized as one who cannot really dance or does not know how to dance. His skills in other ventures like business probably affected his patronage in the entertainment industry, coupled by his being linked to modern famous personalities like Jennifer Lopez. His dramatic and controversial lifestyle probably influenced his fame in the industry which is also basically reflected in his music and his dance. This made him a figure who young people could relate with, reflecting the life of a bad boy who freely expresses himself the way he wants to, going beyond the freedom one should have in doing anything he pleases, unmindful of what norms and people suggest. P. Diddy is able to reach out to the adolescents, strengthened by the effects of media and other entertainment figures, to express one’s freedom in whatever means one can have. The simplicity of Diddy’s dance is also an encouragement to those who are not skilled in dancing, or it